• Photo of Euonymus japonicus (Euonymus japonicuss)

Plant Profile: Euonymus japonicus

Taxonomy: Euonymus japonicus

Names

Dwarf Japanese Euonymus (var. 'Microphyllus'), Japanese Euonymus, Spindle Tree

  • Photo of Euonymus japonicus (Euonymus japonicuss)

Phonetic Spelling:yoo-ON-ih-mus juh-PON-ih-kus

Genus:Euonymus

Species:japonicus

Family:Celastraceae

Japanese euonymus is a widely used landscape plant typically found in natural settings such as mixed deciduous forests and low woodlands. However, it can become invasive in disturbed areas near homes and buildings. This plant is drought-resistant and can tolerate moderate salt spray, as well as endure significant pruning. It is vulnerable to euonymus scale and often suffers from deer damage.

**Note:** It is only toxic if consumed in large amounts.

**Quick Identification Tips:**
This evergreen shrub or small tree can grow up to 26 feet tall and has a dense, oval shape. It produces small, non-ornamental flowers in early summer and bears non-ornamental fruits in early fall. Variegated varieties may revert to green over time.

Japanese euonymus thrives in both full sun and heavy shade, is adaptable to various pH levels, and can tolerate most soil types, except for overly wet conditions. It handles heavy pruning well and transplants easily, although it may face some pest issues.

For further details on Euonymus, additional resources are available.

Euonymus japonicus Feature Summary

Euonymus japonicus Image Gallery

Tags

#evergreen
#drought tolerant
#toxic
#salt tolerant
#fantz

Similar Plants

Euonymus japonicus is often confused with:

Euonymus japonicus Feature Summary

Attributes
Korea, Japan to Nansei-shoto
drought tolerant, slightly salt tolerant
Fruit
Fruit a reddish, pink, ivory to yellow capsule splitting and showing orange-red seeds. a 4-valved capsule, globose, not lobed, pink, ca 8 mm long; seeds white; aril orange.
Red/Burgundy
Gold/Yellow
Cream/Tan
Pink
Orange
Flowers
flowers small, 4-parted, greenish maroon, vinegary smell. Axillary cymes (adult form).
White
Red/Burgundy
Green
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
Opposite, simple, waxy, lustrous, dark green leaves; 1-3 in. long. opposite, simple, ovate-elliptic to obovate, acute, cuneate, serrulate, lustrous dark green above and lighter below, thinly coriaceous.
Green
Variegated
Elliptical
Ovate
Obovate
Cuneate
1-3 inches
Glossy
Smooth
Leathery
Waxy
Long-lasting
Good Cut
1-3 inches
Poisonous to Humans
Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, chills, coma, and convulsions
Unidentified, possibly a glycoside
Seeds
Leaves
Stems
Flowers
Bark
Fruits
Roots
Whole Plant Traits
Shrub
Poisonous
Mounding
Dense
Oval
Medium
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Landscape
Border
Hedge
Woodland
Naturalized Area

Euonymus japonicus Attributes

Euonymus japonicus: Country Or Region Of Origin

Korea, Japan to Nansei-shoto

Euonymus japonicus: Particularly Resistant To (Insects/Diseases/Other Problems)

drought tolerant, slightly salt tolerant

Euonymus japonicus: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Euonymus japonicus Fruit

Euonymus japonicus: Fruit Description

Fruit a reddish, pink, ivory to yellow capsule splitting and showing orange-red seeds. a 4-valved capsule, globose, not lobed, pink, ca 8 mm long; seeds white; aril orange.

Euonymus japonicus: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Euonymus japonicus: Fruit Color

grass
Cream/Tan
grass
Gold/Yellow
grass
Orange
grass
Pink
grass
Red/Burgundy

Euonymus japonicus: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Euonymus japonicus Flowers

Euonymus japonicus: Flower Description

flowers small, 4-parted, greenish maroon, vinegary smell. Axillary cymes (adult form).

Euonymus japonicus: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
Red/Burgundy
filter_vintage
White

Euonymus japonicus: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Euonymus japonicus: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Euonymus japonicus: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Euonymus japonicus: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Euonymus japonicus Leaves

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Description

Opposite, simple, waxy, lustrous, dark green leaves; 1-3 in. long. opposite, simple, ovate-elliptic to obovate, acute, cuneate, serrulate, lustrous dark green above and lighter below, thinly coriaceous.

Euonymus japonicus: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Color

spa
Green
spa
Variegated

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Euonymus japonicus: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Euonymus japonicus: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Euonymus japonicus Poisonous to Humans

Euonymus japonicus: Poison Symptoms

Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, chills, coma, and convulsions

Euonymus japonicus: Poison Toxic Principle

Unidentified, possibly a glycoside

Euonymus japonicus: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Euonymus japonicus: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Euonymus japonicus: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Euonymus japonicus Whole Plant Traits

Euonymus japonicus: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Euonymus japonicus: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Euonymus japonicus: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Euonymus japonicus: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Euonymus japonicus Cultural Conditions

Euonymus japonicus: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Euonymus japonicus: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Euonymus japonicus Stem

Euonymus japonicus: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Euonymus japonicus Landscape

Euonymus japonicus: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Euonymus japonicus: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Euonymus japonicus: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Euonymus japonicus: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy