Plant Profile: Oxalis montana

Taxonomy: Oxalis montana

Names

American Wood-sorrel, Common Wood Sorrel, Mountain Woodsorrel, Northern Woodsorrel, Sourgrass, Sours, White Woodsorrel, White Wood-sorrel, Wood Shamrock, Wood-shamrock

  • Photo of Oxalis montana (Oxalis montanas)

Phonetic Spelling:oks-AL-iss mon-TAY-nah

Genus:Oxalis

Species:montana

Family:Oxalidaceae

Oxalis montana, commonly referred to as Sourgrass, is a perennial flowering plant belonging to the wood sorrel family. Typically, it thrives in clusters within cool, nutrient-rich, and moist woodlands, particularly in hemlock and spruce-fir forests. Its attractive low-growing form, adorned with white or pink blossoms, makes it a popular choice for flower gardens, lawns, and even as a houseplant. However, it can become invasive in disturbed environments.

This plant features a mound-like growth habit with clover-shaped leaves and produces multiple flowers, each on its own stalk. Sourgrass favors moist soil and partial shade for optimal growth. It spreads indefinitely through runners, either via rhizomes or stolons, and its extensive root system plays a crucial role in soil stabilization. The leaves exhibit a unique behavior, opening and closing in response to sunlight, while the flower colors vary from white to pink, influenced by elevation. At lower altitudes, the petals display more pronounced pink-purple veining. In addition to its vibrant blooms, Sourgrass also produces cleistogamous flowers, which remain closed to facilitate self-pollination. This plant is considered to have low toxicity, making it safe for consumption in small quantities by both humans and animals.

**Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Issues:**

Currently, there are no known diseases or insect-related problems affecting this plant.

**Additional Information on Oxalis.**

Oxalis montana Feature Summary

Oxalis montana Image Gallery

Tags

#small spaces
#houseplant
#weedy
#toxic
#interiorscape
#cottage garden
#NC native
#children's garden
#fairy garden
#native wildflower
#native weed
#perennial weed
#problem for cats
#problem for dogs
#problem for horses
#woodlands
#dainty flowers

Similar Plants

Oxalis montana Feature Summary

Attributes
In small amounts, the leaves, flowers seeds, and tubers/roots can be eaten raw or cooked or the plant parts can be used to make lemon flavored drinks, tea, and salads. Use sparingly, because all parts of the plant have a low amount of toxicity (oxalic acid) if ingested. The quantity of oxalic acid will be reduced if the leaves are cooked.
Eastern Canada and United States
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, central and western New-England, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.
Attracts pollinators, provides wildlife cover and habitat, nesting, food source, and larval host.
Small amounts of leaves, flowers, seeds, tubers/roots can be eaten raw are not dangerous they lend a sour taste to drinks and salads, hence the common name Sourwood.
Perennial
Colorful
Buffer
Attractive Flowers
Defines Paths
Fruit
Fruit a tiny erect rounded dry capsule with 5 sections that splits open when ripe to reveal 1 to 2 seeds per section.
Green
Brown/Copper
< 1 inch
Flowers
Blooms May through July with two types of flowers: 1) Solitary, dainty, nodding flowers 1/2 to 3/4 on an inch across, 5-parted oblong-elliptic petals, radially symmetrical, white, lavender, or rose with deep pink veins and a spot of yellow at the base of the petals that are notched at the tip. 2) Late in the season flowers without petals appear on curved stems, remain at the base of the plant and do not open, they self-pollinate.
Pink
White
Showy
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Spring
Summer
4-5 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
Clover-like compound, basal leaves with brown hairs long-stalked (though shorter than flowers stalks) with 3 leaflets. Shamrock-shaped leaves with three inverted heart-shaped leaflets, each about a 1/2 inch wide; slightly sour taste, leaflets close at night.
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
< 1 inch
Showy
Long-lasting
< 1 inch
Stem
No stems as such. Rather, clumps of leaves grow to about 4 inches. Flower stems are green but reddish at the base.
Green
Red/Burgundy
Poisonous to Humans
The leaves contain oxalic acid that, taken in large amounts, can bind up the body's supply of calcium leading to nutritional deficiency. People with a tendency to rheumatism, arthritis, gout, kidney stones or hyperacidity should take especial caution since it can aggravate their condition. All parts of the plant have toxic potential, although the possibility of serious effects is usually limited to ingestion of large quantities and there have been no documented cases in humans. Consuming Oxalis species can produce colic in horses, and kidney failure is possible if significant amounts are eaten. Caution: large quantities may cause trembling, cramps, and staggering as in grazing animal
Soluble calcium oxylates
Seeds
Leaves
Stems
Sap/Juice
Flowers
Bark
Fruits
Roots
Whole Plant Traits
Perennial
Native Plant
Poisonous
Weed
Wildflower
Houseplant
Multi-stemmed
Rounded
Mounding
Clumping
Creeping
Cultural Conditions
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Acid (<6.0)
Good Drainage
Moist
Less than 12 inches
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
2a
2b
3a
3b
1a
1b
Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Native Garden
Shade Garden
Fairy Garden
Border
Mass Planting
Walkways
Woodland
Lawn
Naturalized Area
Small Space
Slope/Bank
Houseplants
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds
Bees
Moths
Small Mammals
Hummingbirds
Frogs
Problem for Cats
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Weedy

Oxalis montana Attributes

Oxalis montana: Uses (Ethnobotany)

In small amounts, the leaves, flowers seeds, and tubers/roots can be eaten raw or cooked or the plant parts can be used to make lemon flavored drinks, tea, and salads. Use sparingly, because all parts of the plant have a low amount of toxicity (oxalic acid) if ingested. The quantity of oxalic acid will be reduced if the leaves are cooked.

Oxalis montana: Country Or Region Of Origin

Eastern Canada and United States

Oxalis montana: Distribution

Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, central and western New-England, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee.

Oxalis montana: Wildlife Value

Attracts pollinators, provides wildlife cover and habitat, nesting, food source, and larval host.

Oxalis montana: Edibility

Small amounts of leaves, flowers, seeds, tubers/roots can be eaten raw are not dangerous they lend a sour taste to drinks and salads, hence the common name Sourwood.

Oxalis montana: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Oxalis montana: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Oxalis montana: Play Value

Attractive Flowers
Attracts Pollinators
Buffer
Colorful
Defines Paths
Easy to Grow
Edible fruit
Fragrance
Pieces Used in Games
Screening
Shade
Sound
Textural
Wildlife Cover/Habitat
Wildlife Food Source
Wildlife Larval Host
Wildlife Nesting
Wind Break
Wind Shimmer

Oxalis montana Fruit

Oxalis montana: Fruit Description

Fruit a tiny erect rounded dry capsule with 5 sections that splits open when ripe to reveal 1 to 2 seeds per section.

Oxalis montana: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Oxalis montana: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper
grass
Green

Oxalis montana: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Oxalis montana: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Oxalis montana: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Oxalis montana Flowers

Oxalis montana: Flower Description

Blooms May through July with two types of flowers: 1) Solitary, dainty, nodding flowers 1/2 to 3/4 on an inch across, 5-parted oblong-elliptic petals, radially symmetrical, white, lavender, or rose with deep pink veins and a spot of yellow at the base of the petals that are notched at the tip. 2) Late in the season flowers without petals appear on curved stems, remain at the base of the plant and do not open, they self-pollinate.

Oxalis montana: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Pink
filter_vintage
White

Oxalis montana: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Oxalis montana: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Oxalis montana: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Oxalis montana: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Oxalis montana: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Oxalis montana: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Oxalis montana Leaves

Oxalis montana: Leaf Description

Clover-like compound, basal leaves with brown hairs long-stalked (though shorter than flowers stalks) with 3 leaflets. Shamrock-shaped leaves with three inverted heart-shaped leaflets, each about a 1/2 inch wide; slightly sour taste, leaflets close at night.

Oxalis montana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Oxalis montana: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Oxalis montana: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Oxalis montana: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Oxalis montana: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Oxalis montana: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Oxalis montana: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Oxalis montana: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Oxalis montana: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Oxalis montana: Leaf Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long-lasting
Showy

Oxalis montana: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Oxalis montana Stem

Oxalis montana: Stem Description

No stems as such. Rather, clumps of leaves grow to about 4 inches. Flower stems are green but reddish at the base.

Oxalis montana: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Oxalis montana: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Oxalis montana Poisonous to Humans

Oxalis montana: Poison Symptoms

The leaves contain oxalic acid that, taken in large amounts, can bind up the body's supply of calcium leading to nutritional deficiency. People with a tendency to rheumatism, arthritis, gout, kidney stones or hyperacidity should take especial caution since it can aggravate their condition. All parts of the plant have toxic potential, although the possibility of serious effects is usually limited to ingestion of large quantities and there have been no documented cases in humans. Consuming Oxalis species can produce colic in horses, and kidney failure is possible if significant amounts are eaten. Caution: large quantities may cause trembling, cramps, and staggering as in grazing animal

Oxalis montana: Poison Toxic Principle

Soluble calcium oxylates

Oxalis montana: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Oxalis montana: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Oxalis montana: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Oxalis montana Whole Plant Traits

Oxalis montana: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Oxalis montana: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Oxalis montana: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Oxalis montana: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Oxalis montana: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Oxalis montana: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Oxalis montana Cultural Conditions

Oxalis montana: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Oxalis montana: Soil pH

Acid (<6.0)
Alkaline (>8.0)
Neutral (6.0-8.0)

Oxalis montana: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Oxalis montana: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Oxalis montana: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Oxalis montana: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
1a
thermostat
1b
thermostat
2a
thermostat
2b
thermostat
3a
thermostat
3b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
5b
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b

Oxalis montana: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Oxalis montana Landscape

Oxalis montana: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Oxalis montana: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Oxalis montana: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Oxalis montana: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Oxalis montana: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy