• Photo of Urtica dioica (Urtica dioicas)

Plant Profile: Urtica dioica

Taxonomy: Urtica dioica

Names

Common Nettle, Stinging Nettle

  • Photo of Urtica dioica (Urtica dioicas)

Phonetic Spelling:UR-ti-kuh dy-oh-EE-kuh

Genus:Urtica

Species:dioica

Family:Urticaceae

Stinging Nettle is a hardy perennial herb found in various regions around the globe. Among its five subspecies, four possess stinging hairs. This plant thrives in damp environments such as stream banks, meadows, ditches, mountain slopes, woodland clearings, and other disturbed locations. It prefers rich, deep, and moist soils, struggling to survive in arid conditions. Stinging Nettle can reproduce through both rhizomes and seeds, often creating dense colonies that can span an acre or more. In certain regions, it is classified as a noxious weed.

Urtica dioica Feature Summary

Urtica dioica Image Gallery

Tags

#weed
#edible weed
#wildlife plant
#wet sites
#stream banks
#herb garden
#spreading
#stinging hairs
#disturbed areas
#edible garden
#wind pollinated
#larval host plant
#butterfly friendly
#pollinator garden
#question mark butterfly
#painted lady butterfly
#eastern comma butterfly
#red admiral butterfly

Similar Plants

Urtica dioica is often confused with:

Urtica dioica Feature Summary

Attributes
The rootstock is used as a diuretic and as an herbal treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement) and other urinary disorders. Tea made from the leaves has been used to treat hay fever, diabetes, gout, and arthritis, and fresh stinging leaves are sometimes applied to arthritic joints in a process known as urtification, which is said to stimulate blood flow. Topical creams have also been developed for joint pain and various skin ailments, including eczema and dandruff.
Europe, Asia, Africa, western North America
AK, AL, AZ, CA , CO, CT, DC, DE, Fl, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA , MA , MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS , MT, NC , ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR , PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI , WV, WY Canada: AB, BC, MB, NB, NL, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK, YT
This plant supports the following larvae: Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui), Eastern Comma (Polygonia comma), Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa), Question Mark Butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis). Questionmark butterflies have an interesting life cycles: overwintered adult Question Mark butterflies lay eggs from spring until the end of May. These will appear as summer adults from May-September, laying eggs that then develop into the winter adult form. The winter adults appear in late August and shelter for the winter starting the cycle all over again. Adult Question Mark butterflies feed on rotting fruit, tree sap, dung, and carrion only visiting flowers for feeding when absolutely necessary. Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) and Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax) rarely use this host plant in North Carolina.
Soak young shoots in warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Place young shoots in boiling, salted water (with a pair of kitchen tongs) and boil for five minutes. Serve as a vegetable or add to soups. The stinging quality disappears after cooking.
Perennial
Fruit
Produces small oval achenes with copious amounts of seeds.
Gold/Yellow
Cream/Tan
Flowers
Tiny green or white flowers are borne in dense whorled clusters in the leaf axils and stem tips. Flowers are wind pollinated.
White
Green
Insignificant
Spike
Spring
Summer
Leaves
1”-6” simple opposite saw-tooth margin egg-shaped green leaves with a heart-shaped base and a pointed tip with hairs and stinging hairs.
3-6 inches
Prickly
1-3 inches
Stem
Wiry green stems fairly square and may bear stinging hairs, grow up to 9’ tall.
Hairy (pubescent)
Poisonous to Humans
Intense burning and itching sensation lasting a few minutes from hairs on leaves and stems.
Leaves
Stems
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Wet
3 feet-6 feet
12 inches-3 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
4a
4b
5a
6a
6b
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Landscape
Edible Garden
Butterfly Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Butterflies
Pollinators
Poisonous to Humans
Weedy
Contact Dermatitis
Spines/Thorns
Problem for Children

Urtica dioica Attributes

Urtica dioica: Uses (Ethnobotany)

The rootstock is used as a diuretic and as an herbal treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement) and other urinary disorders. Tea made from the leaves has been used to treat hay fever, diabetes, gout, and arthritis, and fresh stinging leaves are sometimes applied to arthritic joints in a process known as urtification, which is said to stimulate blood flow. Topical creams have also been developed for joint pain and various skin ailments, including eczema and dandruff.

Urtica dioica: Country Or Region Of Origin

Europe, Asia, Africa, western North America

Urtica dioica: Distribution

AK, AL, AZ, CA , CO, CT, DC, DE, Fl, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA , MA , MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS , MT, NC , ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR , PA, RI, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI , WV, WY Canada: AB, BC, MB, NB, NL, NS, NT, ON, PE, QC, SK, YT

Urtica dioica: Wildlife Value

This plant supports the following larvae: Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui), Eastern Comma (Polygonia comma), Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa), Question Mark Butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis). Questionmark butterflies have an interesting life cycles: overwintered adult Question Mark butterflies lay eggs from spring until the end of May. These will appear as summer adults from May-September, laying eggs that then develop into the winter adult form. The winter adults appear in late August and shelter for the winter starting the cycle all over again. Adult Question Mark butterflies feed on rotting fruit, tree sap, dung, and carrion only visiting flowers for feeding when absolutely necessary. Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) and Red-spotted Purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax) rarely use this host plant in North Carolina.

Urtica dioica: Edibility

Soak young shoots in warm water to remove dirt and debris. Do not use dish detergent or any type of sanitizer. These products can leave a residue. Place young shoots in boiling, salted water (with a pair of kitchen tongs) and boil for five minutes. Serve as a vegetable or add to soups. The stinging quality disappears after cooking.

Urtica dioica: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Urtica dioica: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Urtica dioica Fruit

Urtica dioica: Fruit Description

Produces small oval achenes with copious amounts of seeds.

Urtica dioica: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Urtica dioica: Fruit Color

grass
Cream/Tan
grass
Gold/Yellow

Urtica dioica: Display/Harvest Time

Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter

Urtica dioica Flowers

Urtica dioica: Flower Description

Tiny green or white flowers are borne in dense whorled clusters in the leaf axils and stem tips. Flowers are wind pollinated.

Urtica dioica: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Green
filter_vintage
White

Urtica dioica: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Urtica dioica: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Urtica dioica Leaves

Urtica dioica: Leaf Description

1”-6” simple opposite saw-tooth margin egg-shaped green leaves with a heart-shaped base and a pointed tip with hairs and stinging hairs.

Urtica dioica: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Urtica dioica: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Urtica dioica: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Urtica dioica: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Urtica dioica: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Urtica dioica: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Urtica dioica: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Urtica dioica: Leaf Feel

Fleshy
Glossy
Leathery
Papery
Prickly
Rough
Rubbery
Slippery
Smooth
Soft
Velvety
Waxy

Urtica dioica: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Urtica dioica Stem

Urtica dioica: Stem Description

Wiry green stems fairly square and may bear stinging hairs, grow up to 9’ tall.

Urtica dioica: Stem Color

grass
Green

Urtica dioica: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Urtica dioica: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Urtica dioica: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Urtica dioica Poisonous to Humans

Urtica dioica: Poison Symptoms

Intense burning and itching sensation lasting a few minutes from hairs on leaves and stems.

Urtica dioica: Poison Toxic Principle

unknown

Urtica dioica: Poison Severity

High
Low
Medium

Urtica dioica: Causes Contact Dermatitis

No
Yes

Urtica dioica: Poison Part

Bark
Flowers
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Sap/Juice
Seeds
Stems

Urtica dioica Whole Plant Traits

Urtica dioica: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Urtica dioica: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Urtica dioica: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Urtica dioica: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Urtica dioica: Appendage

Prickles
Spines
Tendrils
Thorns

Urtica dioica Cultural Conditions

Urtica dioica: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Urtica dioica: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Urtica dioica: Available Space To Plant

12 inches-3 feet
12-24 feet
24-60 feet
3 feet-6 feet
6-feet-12 feet
Less than 12 inches
more than 60 feet

Urtica dioica: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Urtica dioica: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
4a
thermostat
4b
thermostat
5a
thermostat
6a
thermostat
6b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Urtica dioica: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Urtica dioica Landscape

Urtica dioica: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Urtica dioica: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Urtica dioica: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Urtica dioica: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy