• Photo of Verbena bonariensis (Verbena bonariensiss)

Plant Profile: Verbena bonariensis

Taxonomy: Verbena bonariensis

Names

Argentinian Vervain, Brazilian Verbena, Clustertop Verbena, Purple Top, Tall Verbena, Tall Vervain, Vervain

  • Photo of Verbena bonariensis (Verbena bonariensiss)

Phonetic Spelling:ver-BEE-nuh bon-ar-ee-EN-sis

Genus:Verbena

Species:bonariensis

Family:Verbenaceae

Vervain is a tall, upright plant often referred to as a "pop-up" or "see-through" plant. It effectively occupies vertical space in perennial borders while allowing the visibility of plants situated behind it. The plant produces clusters of small lavender flowers that bloom from early summer until frost, attracting butterflies and bees. Additionally, yellow finches are drawn to the seeds it produces. Vervain is adaptable, thriving in various soil types and tolerating average to dry conditions in full sunlight. While it can spread through seeds, any unwanted seedlings can be easily removed.

Originally from South America, vervain has become naturalized in the United States, particularly from North Carolina down to Florida and as far west as Texas.

Verbena bonariensis Feature Summary

Verbena bonariensis Image Gallery

Tags

#purple
#full sun tolerant
#lavender
#perennial
#fall interest
#cpp
#summer flowers
#deer resistant
#pollinator plant
#fantz
#poor soils tolerant
#butterfly friendly
#buncombe sun and shade

Similar Plants

Verbena bonariensis is often confused with:

Verbena bonariensis Feature Summary

Attributes
Southern USA
somewhat deer resistant
Perennial
Fruit
Brown seed capsules
Brown/Copper
< 1 inch
Flowers
Forms a dense flat-topped cluster of purple flowers spanning about 1-3" across. Individual flowers are about 1/4" across and 1/3" long.
Purple/Lavender
Fragrant
Showy
Long Bloom Season
4-5 petals/rays
< 1 inch
Leaves
Forms a basal clump of lance-shaped, dark green leaves up to 5 inches long. They become more sparse as they go up the stem.
Elliptical
Lanceolate
Oblanceolate
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
Stem
Thin but strong green stems with ridges and red markings down the ridges and short white hairs.
Green
Red/Burgundy
Hairy (pubescent)
Whole Plant Traits
Cultural Conditions
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasionally Dry
Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont
7a
7b
8b
8a
9a
9b
10a
10b
11a
11b
Clay
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky
Landscape
Rock Garden
Pollinator Garden
Cottage Garden
Border
Mass Planting
Small groups
Deer
Dry Soil
Poor Soil
Walkways
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Small Space
Slope/Bank
Butterflies
Pollinators
Songbirds

Verbena bonariensis Attributes

Verbena bonariensis: Country Or Region Of Origin

South America

Verbena bonariensis: Distribution

Southern USA

Verbena bonariensis: Wildlife Value

somewhat deer resistant

Verbena bonariensis: Life Cycle

Annual
Biennial
Bulb
Perennial
Woody

Verbena bonariensis: Recommended Propagation Strategy

Division
Grafting
Layering
Leaf Cutting
Root Cutting
Seed
Stem Cutting

Verbena bonariensis Fruit

Verbena bonariensis: Fruit Description

Brown seed capsules

Verbena bonariensis: Fruit Type

Achene
Aggregate
Berry
Capsule
Caryopsis
Drupe
Follicle
Legume
Nut
Pome
Samara
Schizocarp
Siliqua

Verbena bonariensis: Fruit Color

grass
Brown/Copper

Verbena bonariensis: Fruit Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Verbena bonariensis: Fruit Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
> 3 inches

Verbena bonariensis Flowers

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Description

Forms a dense flat-topped cluster of purple flowers spanning about 1-3" across. Individual flowers are about 1/4" across and 1/3" long.

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Color

filter_vintage
Purple/Lavender

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Inflorescence

Catkin
Corymb
Cyme
Head
Insignificant
Panicle
Raceme
Solitary
Spadix
Spike
Umbel

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Value To Gardener

Edible
Fragrant
Good Cut
Good Dried
Long Bloom Season
Long-lasting
Showy

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Bloom Time

Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Petals

2-3 rays/petals
4-5 petals/rays
6 petals/rays
7 - 20 petals/rays
asymmetrical petals
Bracts
Colored Sepals
fused petals
more than 20 petals/rays
Tepals

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Shape

Bell
Cross
Crown
Cup
Dome
Funnel
Irregular
Lipped
Radial
Saucer
Star
Trumpet
Tubular
Urn
Wheel

Verbena bonariensis: Flower Size

1-3 inches
3-6 inches
< 1 inch
> 6 inches

Verbena bonariensis Leaves

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Description

Forms a basal clump of lance-shaped, dark green leaves up to 5 inches long. They become more sparse as they go up the stem.

Verbena bonariensis: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Color

spa
Green

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Type

Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Fronds
Needles
Sheath
Simple

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Arrangement

Alternate
Opposite
Other/more complex
Rosulate
Whorled

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Shape

Acicular
Auriculate
Cordate
Cuneate
Deltoid
Elliptical
Filiform
Lanceolate
Linear
Oblanceolate
Oblong
Obovate
Obtuse
Orbicular
Ovate
Palmasect
Palmatifid
Peltate
Pinnatifid
Pinnatisect
Reniform
Rhomboidal
Spatulate
Subcordate
Subulate

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Margin

Crenate
Crenulate
Dentate
Denticulate
Doubly Crenate
Doubly Dentate
Doubly Serrate
Entire
Lobed
Serrate
Sinuate
Undulate

Verbena bonariensis: Hairs Present

No
Yes

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Length

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Verbena bonariensis: Leaf Width

< 1 inch
1-3 inches
3-6 inches
> 6 inches

Verbena bonariensis Stem

Verbena bonariensis: Stem Description

Thin but strong green stems with ridges and red markings down the ridges and short white hairs.

Verbena bonariensis: Stem Color

grass
Green
grass
Red/Burgundy

Verbena bonariensis: Stem Is Aromatic

No
Yes

Verbena bonariensis: Stem Cross Section

Angular
Oval
Round
Square

Verbena bonariensis: Stem Surface

Corky Ridges
Covered with a powdery bloom (glaucous)
Dull
Hairy (pubescent)
Polished
Smooth (glabrous)

Verbena bonariensis Whole Plant Traits

Verbena bonariensis: Plant Type

Annual
Bulb
Carnivorous
Edible
Epiphyte
Fern
Ground Cover
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Houseplant
Mushroom
Native Plant
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Perennial
Poisonous
Rose
Shrub
Succulent
Tree
Turfgrass
Vegetable
Vine
Water Plant
Weed
Wildflower

Verbena bonariensis: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics

Broadleaf Evergreen
Deciduous
Needled Evergreen
Semi-evergreen

Verbena bonariensis: Habit/Form

Arching
Ascending
Broad
Cascading
Climbing
Clumping
Columnar
Conical
Creeping
Dense
Erect
Horizontal
Irregular
Mounding
Multi-stemmed
Multi-trunked
Open
Oval
Prostrate
Pyramidal
Rounded
Spreading
Vase
Weeping

Verbena bonariensis: Growth Rate

Slow
Medium
Rapid

Verbena bonariensis: Maintenance

Low
Medium
High

Verbena bonariensis: Texture

Fine
Medium
Coarse

Verbena bonariensis Cultural Conditions

Verbena bonariensis: Light

Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

Verbena bonariensis: Soil Drainage

Frequent Standing Water
Good Drainage
Moist
Occasional Flooding
Occasionally Dry
Occasionally Wet
Very Dry

Verbena bonariensis: NC Region

Coastal
Mountains
Piedmont

Verbena bonariensis: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

thermostat
10a
thermostat
10b
thermostat
11a
thermostat
11b
thermostat
7a
thermostat
7b
thermostat
8a
thermostat
8b
thermostat
9a
thermostat
9b

Verbena bonariensis: Soil Texture

Clay
High Organic Matter
Loam (Silt)
Sand
Shallow Rocky

Verbena bonariensis Landscape

Verbena bonariensis: Landscape Theme

Asian Garden
Butterfly Garden
Children's Garden
Cottage Garden
Cutting Garden
Drought Tolerant Garden
Edible Garden
English Garden
Fairy Garden
Garden for the Blind
Native Garden
Nighttime Garden
Pollinator Garden
Rain Garden
Rock Garden
Shade Garden
Water Garden
Winter Garden

Verbena bonariensis: Design Feature

Accent
Barrier
Border
Flowering Tree
Foundation Planting
Hedge
Mass Planting
Screen/Privacy
Security
Shade Tree
Small groups
Small Tree
Specimen
Street Tree
Understory Tree

Verbena bonariensis: Resistance To Challenges

Black Walnut
Compaction
Deer
Diseases
Drought
Dry Soil
Erosion
Fire
Foot Traffic
Heat
Heavy Shade
Humidity
Insect Pests
Pollution
Poor Soil
Rabbits
Salt
Slugs
Squirrels
Storm damage
Urban Conditions
Voles
Wet Soil
Wind

Verbena bonariensis: Landscape Location

Coastal
Container
Hanging Baskets
Houseplants
Lawn
Meadow
Naturalized Area
Near Septic
Patio
Pond
Pool/Hardscape
Recreational Play Area
Riparian
Rock Wall
Slope/Bank
Small Space
Vertical Spaces
Walkways
Woodland

Verbena bonariensis: Attracts

Bats
Bees
Butterflies
Frogs
Hummingbirds
Moths
Pollinators
Predatory Insects
Reptiles
Small Mammals
Songbirds
Specialized Bees

Verbena bonariensis: Problems

Allelopathic
Contact Dermatitis
Frequent Disease Problems
Frequent Insect Problems
Invasive Species
Malodorous
Messy
Poisonous to Humans
Problem for Cats
Problem for Children
Problem for Dogs
Problem for Horses
Short-lived
Spines/Thorns
Weak Wood
Weedy